Apparatus for imparting pressure to the cylinders of the mechanisms for drawing textile rovings



y 1935- F. cAsABLANcAs %,,000,660

APPAR S IMPARTING PRESSURE TO THE CYLIND OF ME ANISMS FOR DRAWING T TILE IN Filed Aug. 25, 19 Sh s-Sheet 1 jm/enfor;

jrlyandu aasaziancas,

May 7, 1935. CA BLANCAS 2,000,660 APPARATUS FOR IMPARTI PRESSURE TO THE CYLINDERS OF THE MECHANISMS FOR DRAWING TEXTILE me Filed Aug. 23,

1932 Sh s-Sheet 2 27 22427120 Ca saZZcmcas,

fl/rf s.

May 1935- F. CASABLANCAS 2,000,660

APPARATUS FOR IMPARTING PRESSURE TO THE CYLINDERS OF THE MECHANISMS FOR DRAWING TEXTILE ROVINGS Filed Aug. 23, 1932' 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 lwren/or frzmnio GasaZZzm ca 5,

,l/{yx y 7, 1935. F. CASABLANCAS 2,000,660

APPARATUS FOR IMPARTING PRESSURE TO THE CYLINDERS OF THE MECHANISMS FOR DRAWING TEXTILE ROVINGS Filed Aug. 23, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 f rwamla Casaflmcaa Patented May 7, 1935 4 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Fernando Casablancas, Sabadell, Spain Application August 23,

1932, Serial Nb. 630,106

In Spain May 10, 1932 7 Claims.

In the mechanism for drawing textile rovings, pressure is usually imparted to the upper cylinders, so that they press on the roving eiiiciently, by means of saddles or pressure-transmitting connecting rods loaded with weights arranged in the bottom part of the mechanism. In these usual mechanisms, the pressure-transmitting connecting rod, from which the weight is suspended directly or indirectly, constitutes a serious impediment to the working of the machine because it renders difficult the cleaning of the cross-bar of the machine which supports the drawing mechanisms and, moreover, especially because it renders the fitting and the removal of the lower cleaning brushes difficult, thus occasioning frequent breakage of the threads in fitting and removing these brushes.

In my co-pending applications Serial No. 583,757 and Serial No. 618,529 are described pressure apparatus in which, by means of a combination of levers. the connecting rod which carries the weight is shifted more towards the rear part of the machine or is omitted altogether, a spring being employed in substitution for the weight. In this way, the cleaning of the machine and the operations of fitting and removing the cleaning brushes are facilitated and, morever, there are obtained other important advantages such as those of diminishing the weight of the spinning machines by a considerable amount and avoiding the inequalities in the pressure which are due to the vibration or shaking of the weights.

These pressure apparatus are, moreover, arranged so that, when the pressure-transmitting connecting rod is raised by hand, for example by raising the saddle, the pressiu'e apparatus is caused to remain fixed in a position in which it exerts no action upon this connecting rod and the pressure saddle remains raised without its having been necessary for this purpose to remove the weight or relax the spring of the pressure apparatus.

-These arrangements give excellent results in practice, but suffer from certain complications and the subject matter of the present invention is a pressure apparatus which, while enjoying the same advantages as the prior apparatus, is much simpler in construction and, therefore, much more economical.

This pressure apparatus comprises a frame mounted on a supporting bar, arranged longitudinally of the machine, so that the frames corresponding to the different drawing mechanisms remain in a fixed and invariable position. This frame. which is similar in function to the one described in my co-pending application Serial No. 618,529, has in this case a single lever that is acted upon by a spring which rests on the frame with its other end, and this lever forms at its free end'the hook in which the pressure-transmitting connecting rod engages, an extremely simplified construction thus being produced.

In cases in which it is desired that the pressure saddle should be capable of being kept raised, thus leaving the drawing mechanism unloaded, 10 there may be combined with this lever a catch or retaining piece which, when the pressuretransmitting connecting rod is pulled upwards, engages in some fixed point either of the frame or of the same lever and keeps the latter in the raised position without the spring being able to work it. When itis again desired to load the drawing mechanism, downward pressure is exerted by hand on the pressure saddle and the connecting rod moves this catch or retaining piece, thus again allowing the spring to work the lever.

A modified construction which is still simpler and procures the same result that, when the pressure saddle is raised the latter remains raised for the purpose of unloading the mechanism, consists in omitting the retaining catch of the lever and arranging the mechanism in such a manner that the frame the lever and the spring form a system of pivoted levers of unstable position, so that, on raising the pressure-transmitting connecting rod further from a definite position, the same spring tends to keep the pressure-transmitting connecting rod raised and the drawing mechanism unloaded.

The accompanying drawings represent difierent examples of construction of the pressure apparatus forming the subject matter of this invention.

Figures 1 and 2 represent the simpler form of construction of the apparatus which simply consists of a frame that carries the spring and a single lever and is applied respectively to an high draft mechanism with belts and to a drawin mechanism with cylinders.

Figures 3 and 4 represent a modification in which the lever carries a catch or retaining piece pivoted thereto. Figure 3 represents the apparatus in the normal working position and Figure 4 represents the apparatus in the position in which the pressure-transmitting connecting rod is raised and the lever held.

Figures 5 and 6 also represent in the normal working position and in the raised position another example of construction in which the catch or retaining piece. instead of being pivoted to the lever, is pivoted to the'same frame.

Figures 7 and 8 represent in the same positions an example of construction in which the lever and the pressure-transmitting connecting rod remain in a raisedposition by the same action of the spring.

Figures 9, 10, l1 and 12 represent in the same position two other modifications of construction in which the lever rotates about the same bar that supports the frame, and finally, I

Figures 13 and 14 represent two other forms of construction in which, instead of employing a compression spring, tension springs are employed.

The pressure apparatus of this invention is applied in a general way to all classes of drawing mechanisms and is represented in Figure 1 as applied to an high draft mechanism with belts and in Figure 2 as applied to an ordinary drawing mechanism with three pairs of cylinders.

In both cases, the cylinders of the drawing mechanism receive pressure by means of a saddle .I, 2 of any suitable form and the latter receives the action of the pressure apparatus by means of a pressure-transmitting connecting rod 3.

The type of pressure apparatus represented in these Figures 1 and 2 is the simpler one and comprises two lateral plates 4 joined together by a strong part 6 or in any other suitable manner, so that they remain parallel to and at a small distance from each other, thus forming the frame of the apparatus. This frame is mounted on a bar 5 that is arranged longitudinally of the machine, so that this bar 5 serves as a support for the whole series of pressure apparatus. This bar 5 is represented as being hexagonal in section in order to facilitate the fixing of the frame, but it is to be understood that it could be of any other section that suitably fixes the frame in such a manner that it cannot rotate thereon. The frame 4 forms an arm with a projection 1 which serves as point of support for an elastic cylinder formed by two caps 9 within which there is located a spring III that acts in substitution for the usual weight for the purpose of loading the drawing mechanism.

In addition, this frame 4 carries pivoted to its top portion by the pivot or pin II a lever I2 which, at its rear part, forms a projection I3 which serves as a point of support for the upper cap 9 of the spring I0, whilst at its front end it forms a hook I4 to which the pressure-transmitting connecting rod 3 is joined.

It can clearly be seen that the action of the spring I!) is transmitted by the lever I2 to the pressure-transmitting connecting rod 3 and, from the latter, to the saddle l, 2 which l'oads the upper cylinder and, by suitable choosing the strength of this spring I0, there is obtained a pressure apparatus which perfectly replaces the present- .day weights and has a number of very important advantages over them.

In the first place, as has already hereinbefore been stated, this apparatus remains entirely arranged at a certain distance above the table or lower cross-bar I5 which supports the stand of the drawing mechanisms absolutely without any connecting rod, lever or other member rendering access to this cross-bar I5 difficult or in the least rendering the operation of fitting and removing the lower cleaning brushes l6 difiicult.

Moreover, the employment of a spring instead of a weight for loading the cylinders'has the advantage that, as the spring has a much smaller inertia than that of the weight, the vibration or shaking of the machine does not aifect the load which is transmitted to the cylinders of the drawing mechanism and, therefore, thepressure that is exerted on these cylinders is always equal so that a better quality of thread is produced.

If it is desired that when the front pressure saddle I is raised by hand it should remain in the raised position and the mechanism should remain unloaded, the lever I2 iscombined with members or means such that, when the lever is made to rotate with the pressure-transmitting connecting rod 3 raised into a certain position, they fix or hold this lever, the pressure-transmitting connecting rod 3 and the saddle I being kept in the raised position as represented in the following figures.

In the arrangement shown in Figures 3 and 4, the lever I1 is connected to the frame 4 by the pin I8 about which it rotates, and this lever in turn carries pivoted thereto by the pin l 9 a catch or retaining piece 20 which has a slight movement and is actuated in relation to the lever I! by the spring 2|. This retaining piece 20 is combined with a stop or.roller 22 fixed to the frame 4 and has a straight part 23 with which it rests on this roller 22 in the normal position but without in the least hindering the movement of the lever II, but when the pressure-transmitting connecting rod 3 is raised and the lever I1 is caused to rotate, the latter drags the retaining piece 20 along with it and, when the lever arrives at a certain position, the recess 24 of this retaining piece engages the roller 22 thus leaving the mechanism in the position shown in Figure 4, in which, notwithstanding that the spring 9 remains compressed, the lever I I remains fixed by the action of the retaining piece 20 and, therefore, the connecting rod 3 and the saddle I remain raised without exerting pressure on the cylinders of the'drawing mechanism.

The retaining piece 20 has at its front end an upper edge 25 which, in the position shown in Figure 4, passes above the bottom of the hook I4 so that, if, when the apparatus is in the position shown in Figure 4, the saddle I and, therefore, the pressure-transmitting connecting rod 3 are pushed downwards, the end of this pressure-transmitting connecting rod acts upon the part 25 of the retaining piece 20 and causes the latter to rock, thus disengaging the recess 24 from the stop 22, so that the lever I! is now free to work in the normal manner and the cylinders of the drawing mechanism again become loaded.

Figures 5 and 6 represent another modification in which the retaining piece 28, instead of being pivoted to the same lever, is rotatably mounted on the frame 4. In this arrangement the lever 26 rotates, in the manner explained, on the pin 21 of the frame 4 and the retaining piece 28 rota-tes on the pin 29 of the same frame 4 and is also acted upon by a spring 30. This retaining piece 28 has a stop 3| which bears on the lower end of the lever 26 in such a manner that when the connecting rod 3 is raised, the lever '26 iscaused to rotate and, after a while, this stop 3I engages the tooth 32 of the lever 26 and the mechanism remains fixed in the position shown in Figure 6.

When it is again desired to load the cylinders, it is sufiicient to push the connecting rod 3 downwards, and the latter, acting in the manner hereinbefore described on the part 33 of the retaining piece 28, disengages this piece from the lever 26 and allows the spring 9 to again act upon this lever.

Figures 7 and 8 represent another modification in which the fixing of the lever is obtained by the same action of the spring.

In this arrangement, the frame 4 is again mounted on the bar 5 and forms an extension with a projection I that serves as a point of support for the cylinder 9 of the spring I 0. The lever 34 is pivoted to the frame by the pin 35 in a manner similar to the preceding arrangements and. its rear end 36 is rounded, so that it serves not only as a point of support for the cylinder 9 but also as a fulcrum for the lever 34 upon this cylinder 3.

The dimensions and arrangements of these elements are such that the frame, the lever and the elastic cylinder 3 form a toggle or system of levers of unstable equilibrium. In the normal working position represented in Figure 7, the fulcrum 36 of the lever 34 on the cylinder-3 is situated above the line 31 which connects the pivot 35 of the lever and the point of contact 1 of the cylinder 9 with the frame 4. As a result of this, the spring l pushes the lever 34, thus exerting a pull on the connecting rod 3. If, however, the lever 34 is caused to rock, the connecting rod 3 being raised, this lever will arrive in a position in which the fulcrum 36 passes to the other side of the line 31 and, from this instant, the spring l0 tends to cause the lever 34 to rotate in the opposite direction i. e. to raise the connecting rod 3 so that the same action of the spring l0 keeps the connecting rod and the pressure saddle raised.

This movement of the lever 34 is limited by the stop 38 and the slot 39.

In this construction also, when the apparatus,

is in the position shown in Figure 8, i. e. with the connecting rod 3 raised, it is sufficient to push the connecting rod 3 downwards to cause the lever 34 to rock downwards again and, when the fulcrum 35 again passes above the line 31, the apparatus again works under the same conditions as shown in Figure '7.

Figures 9 and 10 represent a small modification in which the lever 34 rotates about the axis of the bar 5. To this end, the frame 4 has, around the hole with which it is mounted on the bar 5, a circular flange 40 which serves as the axle for the rotation of the lever 34. Except for this small modification, the arrangement is the same as that of Figures 7 and 8, so that, when the apparatus is in the position shown in Figure 9, i. e. the point 36 is above the line 31, the spring 9 pushes the lever 34 in the direction for loading the drawing mechanism, but if this lever is made to rock, when the point 35 has passed below the line 31, the spring 9 has the tendency to cause the lever to rotate in the opposite direction and therefore keeps the drawing mechanism unloaded.

Figures 11 and 12 represent another small modification in which the same elements have a slightly different arrangement. In this case also, the frame 4 forms around the'bar a circular fiange 40 which serves as the axle for the rotation of the lever 34, but by the arrangement of the different elements there is obtained a much smaller construction which is suitable for cases in which only a small space is available. In this case also, when the fulcrum 36 of the lever upon the spring is on one side of the line 31 which joins the axis of rotation of the lever with the fixed pivotal point I, the apparatus works in the direction for loading the cylinders, but, when the fulcrum 35 passes to the other side of the line 31, the spring works in the opposite direction and keeps the mechanism unloaded.

In the arrangement shown in Figures 9 to 12 also, the movement of the lever is limited by the stop 33 and the slot 33.

Figure 13 represents a similar modification in which the spring works by tension instead of by compression. In this case, the frame 4 carries the lever 42 pivoted on the pin 4| and the lever 42, in turn, carries pivoted at 43 a connecting rod 44 which connects it with the tension spring I0. It is obvious that in the position represented in Figure 13, the spring works by pulling the pressure-transmitting connecting rod 3 downwards, but that, if this pressure-transmitting connecting rod is raised, the connecting rod 44 will, after a while, be above the pivot 4| of the lever and from that moment the spring ID will work in the opposite direction i. e. raising the lever 42 and the pressure-transmitting connecting rod 3. The angle through which the lever 42 is rocked is limited by the stops 50.

Figure 14 represents another modified construction of the same arrangement with a tension spring. In this case the frame 4 carries the lever 45 pivoted on the pin 46 and this lever 45 forms at its rear end a hook 41 to which the spring It! is fastened. The other end of the spring I!) is connected by means of a connecting rod 49 to a fixed point 48 on the frame. It is also obvious that, in the position represented, the lever 45 pulls the pressure-transmitting connecting rod 3 downwards but that, on raising this connecting rod, the connecting rod 49 of the spring will, after a while, be below the pivot 45 of the lever 45 and that, from this moment the spring will work in the opposite direction i. e. to raise the pressuretransmitting connecting rod 3. In this case also, the stops 50 limit the rocking of the lever.

As will be understood, the apparatus of this invention may take constructive forms other than those indicated, whilst always preserving the essential features of this apparatus 1. e. that it comprises a fixed frame that carries a single lever which acts directly on the pressure-transmitting connecting rod and is, in its turn, acted upon by a spring.

I claim:

1. In an apparatus for imparting pressure to the upper cylinders of the drawing mechanism for textile rovings comprising a table, a stand carried by said table for supporting the cylinders, a fixed bar extending through the whole length of the machine in parallel alignment with the cylinders and supported above the table, a frame composed of a pair of connected plates fixed on the bar,

a single lever pivotally mounted in the frame, a

coil spring carried by said frame engaging the lever for rotating the lever in one direction, saddles for engaging the upper cylinders, and a rod connecting the saddles to said lever, whereby to transmit the action of said spring to said saddles and tension the same on the upper cylinders.

2. In an apparatus according to claim I looking means operative on the lever to hold the same when raised and relieve pressure on said lever in one direction, saddles for engaging the upper cylinders, a rod connecting the saddles to said lever to transmit the action of the spring to tension the saddles upon the upper cylinders, a plate pivotally mounted on the lever, and means for moving the plate relative to the lever to hold the same locked and with the saddles released from said cylinders whereby the manual operation of the saddles returns the parts into pressure transmitting position.

4. An apparatus according to claim 3, a plate pivoted to the lever and provided with a recess and a projection fixed on the frame to enter said recess for limiting the movement of the lever in one direction to hold the saddles in raised position and to relieve pressure on said saddles, said plate disposed with relation to said lever to release said projection from said recess upon the manual return of the lever into pressure transmitting position. i

5. In an apparatus for imparting pressure to the upper cylinders of the drawing mechanism for textile rovings comprising a fixed bar mounted below the cylinders in parallel alignment therewith, a frame composed of a pair of plates fixed on the bar, a single lever pivotally mounted in the frame, a spring carried by said frame engaging the lever for rotating the lever in one direction, saddles for engaging the upper cylinders, a rod connecting the saddles to said lever to transmit the action of the spring to tension the saddles upon the cylinders, the said lever having a notch cut therein, a plate pivotally mounted in the frame, and a projection fixed on the plate to enter said notch when the lever is rotated to a definite position to relieve pressure on said saddles, said plate movable relative to said lever upon the manual return of the lever into pressure transmitting position. a

6. In an apparatus for imparting pressure to the upper cylinders of the drawing mechanism for textile rovings comprising a fixed bar mounted below the cylinders in parallel alignment therewith, a frame fixed on said bar, a single lever mounted in pivotal connection to said frame, a spring supported in said frame to engage the end of the lever and to force said lever in one direction, saddles for engaging the upper cylinders, and a rod for connecting the saddles to said lever to transmit the action of said spring to said saddles and tension the same on the upper cylinders, the said spring mounted to swing relative to said lever whereby to force the lever in a reverse direction for locking the same and relieving pressure on the cylinders.

'7. In an apparatus according to claim 6, means carried by the lever to pivotally connect to said 4 lever the rod for transmitting the pressure to the cylinders, said means comprising a surface in the lever engaged by the rod on a downward movement of said rod for rotating the lever and returning same to pressure transmitting position.

FERNANDO CASABLANCAS. 

